Natural Language Processing

Content from Wikipedia

Natural Language Processing is the set of processes governing how to program computers to process and analyze large amounts of natural language data. The ultimate goal is to "understand" the contents of documents, articles, etc. and being able to accurately extract information and insights contained within them.

It is a subfield of linguistcs, computer science and artificial intelligence.

Challenges in natural language processing frequently involve speech recognition, natural-language understanding and natural-language generation.

Text and Speech Processing

1. Optical Character Recognition(OCR)
2. Speech Recognition
3. Speech Segmentation/
4. Text-to-Speech
5. Word Segmentation

Morphological Analysis

1. Lemmatization and Canonicalization
2. Morphological Segmentation
3. Parts-of-Speech tagging
4. Stemming(Port Stemmer is popular)

Syntactic Analysis

1. Grammar induction
2. Sentence breaking
3. Parsing

Lexical semantics

1. Lexical Semantics
2. Distribution semantics
3. Named Entity Recognition
4. Sentiment Analysis(esp. Multimodal)
5. Terminology extraction
6. Word-sense disambiguation
7. Entity linking

Relational Semantics

1. Relationship Extraction
2. Semantics parsing(AMR, DRT)
3. Semantic Role labelling

Discourse

1. Coreference resolution
2. Discourse Analysis
3. Implicit Semantic Role labelling
4. Reconizing textual entailment
5. Topic segmentation and recognition
6. Argument Mining

Misc

Automatic summarization (text summarization)
Book generation
Dialogue management
Document AI
Grammatical error correction
Machine translation
Natural-language generation (NLG)
Natural-language understanding (NLU)
Question answering
Text-to-image generation
Text-to-scene generation
1 the Road
Automated essay scoring
Biomedical text mining
Compound term processing
Computational linguistics
Computer-assisted reviewing
Controlled natural language
Deep learning
Deep linguistic processing
Distributional semantics
Foreign language reading aid
Foreign language writing aid
Information extraction
Information retrieval
Language and Communication Technologies
Language technology
Latent semantic indexing
Native-language identification
Natural-language programming
Natural-language understanding
Natural-language search
Outline of natural language processing
Query expansion
Query understanding
Reification (linguistics)
Speech processing
Spoken dialogue systems
Text-proofing